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HTTP Status 500 - 
________________________________________
type Exception report
message 
description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request.
exception 
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: An exception occurred processing JSP page /index.jsp at line 26

23:   </tr>
24: </table>
25: <table width="778" height="158"  border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" background="Images/login_mid.jpg">
26: <html:form action="manage/student.do?action=login" method="post" focus="ID" onsubmit="return check(studentForm)">
27:           <tr>
28:             <td>
29:    


Stacktrace:
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.handleJspException(JspServletWrapper.java:524)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:417)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:320)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
root cause 
javax.servlet.ServletException: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory
org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.doHandlePageException(PageContextImpl.java:850)
org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.handlePageException(PageContextImpl.java:779)
org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:124)
org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:393)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:320)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
root cause 
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory
org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources.<clinit>(MessageResources.java:57)
org.apache.struts.taglib.html.FormTag.<clinit>(FormTag.java:93)
sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Unknown Source)
java.lang.Class.newInstance(Unknown Source)
org.apache.jasper.runtime.TagHandlerPool.get(TagHandlerPool.java:126)
org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspx_meth_html_005fform_005f0(index_jsp.java:136)
org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:105)
org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:393)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:320)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Apache Tomcat/6.0.13 logs.
________________________________________
Apache Tomcat/6.0.13



第26句：
<html:form action="manage/student.do?action=login" method="post" focus="ID" onsubmit="return check(studentForm)">




控制台错误如下
严重: Servlet.service() for servlet jsp threw exception
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory
at org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources.<clinit>(MessageResources.java:57)
at org.apache.struts.taglib.html.FormTag.<clinit>(FormTag.java:93)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.TagHandlerPool.get(TagHandlerPool.java:126)
at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspx_meth_html_005fform_005f0(index_jsp.java:136)
at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:105)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:393)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:320)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:230)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:104)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:261)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:844)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:581)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)







然后我新建了一个WEB工程test，把08章的index.jsp拷贝到test下的WebRoot下面，加入了struts，调试后如下：
页面错误：
HTTP Status 500 - 
________________________________________
type Exception report
message 
description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request.
exception 
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: javax.servlet.ServletException: javax.servlet.jsp.JspException: Cannot retrieve mapping for action /manage/student
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.handleJspException(JspServletWrapper.java:541)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:417)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:320)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
root cause 
javax.servlet.ServletException: javax.servlet.jsp.JspException: Cannot retrieve mapping for action /manage/student
org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.doHandlePageException(PageContextImpl.java:850)
org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.handlePageException(PageContextImpl.java:779)
org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:124)
org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:393)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:320)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
root cause 
javax.servlet.jsp.JspException: Cannot retrieve mapping for action /manage/student
org.apache.struts.taglib.html.FormTag.lookup(FormTag.java:759)
org.apache.struts.taglib.html.FormTag.doStartTag(FormTag.java:443)
org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspx_meth_html_005fform_005f0(index_jsp.java:147)
org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:105)
org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:393)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:320)
org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Apache Tomcat/6.0.13 logs.

控制台提示：
Servlet.service() for servlet jsp threw exception
javax.servlet.jsp.JspException: Cannot retrieve mapping for action /manage/student
at org.apache.struts.taglib.html.FormTag.lookup(FormTag.java:759)
at org.apache.struts.taglib.html.FormTag.doStartTag(FormTag.java:443)
at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspx_meth_html_005fform_005f0(index_jsp.java:147)
at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:105)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:393)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:320)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:230)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:104)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:261)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:844)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:581)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
我用的MyEclipse 6.5   SqlServer 2000打了sp4补丁  jdk1.6安装后把bin目录已添加到path中，javac亦可通过。我是做C的，没做过Javaweb的程序，感觉很多问题。这是我的毕业设计，现在是干着急，感觉你们那使用说明很简单，按步骤好像每个例子都不能用。不知道为什么，有详细的步骤吗？忘能尽快回复，是不是一些配置还是标签或包的问题啊，你们这些都调试过吗？望尽快恢复。

   还有你们这个程序可以打包吗？可以打成jar吗？能发一封过来吗？
邮箱：liwc.sky@gmail.com

你好，出现上述问题是服务器错误，请确定Tomcat安装是否正常，以及服务器是否启动。